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A significant incongruence between one's experienced or expressed gender and one's sexual characteristics.

A strong desire to be treated as a gender other than one's assigned gender.

A strong desire to be of a gender other than one's assigned gender.

The American Psychiatric Association permits a diagnosis of gender dysphoria in adolescents or adults if two or more of the following criteria are experienced for at least six months' duration: Evidence from studies of twins suggests that genetic factors play a role in the development of gender dysphoria and gender identity is thought to likely reflect a complex interplay of biological, environmental, and cultural factors. The specific causes of gender dysphoria remain unknown, and treatments targeting the etiology or pathogenesis of gender dysphoria do not exist. Transgender people are also at heightened risk for eating disorders and substance abuse. Adults with GD are at increased risk for stress, isolation, anxiety, depression, poor self-esteem, and suicide. In adolescents and adults, symptoms include the desire to be and to be treated as the other sex. Some children may also experience social isolation from their peers, anxiety, loneliness, and depression. Symptoms of GD in children include preferences for opposite sex-typical toys, games, or activities great dislike of their own genitalia and a strong preference for playmates of the opposite sex. Trans men who experience late-onset gender dysphoria will usually be sexually attracted to men and may identify as gay. This group is usually sexually attracted to women.

In those assigned female at birth, early-onset gender dysphoria is the most common course. It is common for people assigned male at birth who have late-onset gender dysphoria to cross-dress with sexual excitement. Trans women who experience late-onset gender dysphoria will usually be sexually attracted to women and may identify as lesbians or bisexual. Late-onset gender dysphoria does not include visible signs in early childhood, but some report having had wishes to be the opposite sex in childhood that they did not report to others. This group is usually sexually attracted to members of their natal sex in adulthood. Sometimes gender dysphoria will stop for a while in this group and they will identify as gay or homosexual for a period of time, followed by recurrence of gender dysphoria. Early-onset gender dysphoria is behaviorally visible in childhood. Gender dysphoria in those assigned male at birth tends to follow one of two broad trajectories: early-onset or late-onset. ĭistress arising from an incongruence between a person's felt gender and assigned sex/gender (usually at birth) is the cardinal symptom of gender dysphoria. Some researchers and transgender people support declassification of the condition because they say the diagnosis pathologizes gender variance and reinforces the binary model of gender. Treatment may also include counseling or psychotherapy. Treatment for gender dysphoria may include supporting the individual's gender expression or their desire for hormone therapy or surgery. The causes of gender dysphoria are unknown but a gender identity likely reflects genetic and biological, environmental, and cultural factors. According to the American Psychiatric Association, the critical element of gender dysphoria is "clinically significant distress". Gender nonconformity is not the same thing as gender dysphoria and does not always lead to dysphoria or distress.

People with gender dysphoria commonly identify as transgender. The condition was renamed to remove the stigma associated with the term disorder.

The diagnostic label gender identity disorder ( GID) was used until 2013 with the release of the DSM-5. Gender dysphoria ( GD) is the distress a person feels due to a mismatch between their gender identity-their personal sense of their own gender-and their sex assigned at birth.